An infected toenail is a condition where the toenail becomes inflamed and infected, typically due to the invasion of bacteria or fungi. This infection can cause symptoms such as redness, swelling, pain, and pus accumulation around the nail. The toenail may also become discolored, thickened, and prone to crumbling. Infected toenails can result from a variety of causes. Fungal infections, often referred to as onychomycosis, are common and occur when fungi such as dermatophytes, yeasts, or molds infect the toenail, especially in warm, damp environments like those found in sweaty socks and shoes. Bacterial infections can also occur, often following trauma to the toenail, such as stubbing the toe or getting a toenail caught. Other contributing factors include poor nail hygiene, underlying medical conditions like diabetes or peripheral vascular disease, and a weakened immune system. Treatment for an infected toenail depends on the type and severity of the infection. For fungal infections, antifungal medications, either topical or oral, are prescribed to eliminate the fungi. Topical antifungals are applied directly to the affected nail, while oral medications are used for more severe cases. For bacterial infections, antibiotics are required to treat the bacteria causing the infection. Keeping the toenail clean and dry is essential for recovery, and avoiding tight or restrictive footwear can help prevent further irritation. In some cases, especially when the infection is severe or persistent, surgical removal of part or all of the toenail may be necessary to fully address the infection. Consulting a healthcare professional is important for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.
